{"id":7655,"date":"2023-12-06T15:40:30","date_gmt":"2023-12-06T15:40:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/?page_id=7655"},"modified":"2023-12-06T15:43:58","modified_gmt":"2023-12-06T15:43:58","slug":"announcements-of-deaths-and-obituaries","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/announcements-of-deaths-and-obituaries\/","title":{"rendered":"Announcements of deaths and obituaries"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"display-posts-listing\"><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/john-aris-2\/\">John Aris:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">John Aris \u2013 1934 &#8211; 2010 Educated at Eton and Oxford, with a degree and life-long interests in the classics, joined LEO as a programmer in 1958.&nbsp; A career in LEO and its successor companies, including Chief Business Systems Engineer for ICL in 1968 was followed by heading the computer department of the Imperial Group, [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/antony-tony-bernard-barnes\/\">Antony (Tony) Bernard Barnes:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Antony (Tony) Bernard Barnes \u2013 1926-2000. Tony Barnes joined Lyons as a Management Trainee after graduating in 1947 working in the Statistical Office.\u00a0 He transferred to the LEO programming team in November 1950 where his talents were quickly recognised.\u00a0 In 1955 he accompanied Thomas Thompson to the USA on a six-week tour, visiting several computer [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/maurice-blackburn\/\">Maurice Blackburn:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Maurice Blackburn \u2013 died 2016, LEO Engineer.&nbsp; See also reminiscences of Anthony Robin Davies below.&nbsp; Tony Morgan writes \u201cMaurice was &nbsp; very&nbsp;interesting person, a real gentleman with a small moustache. He had originally been a&nbsp;pilot with British South American Airways before it merged with British Overseas Airways.&nbsp;He was in Development at Minerva Road and his [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/peter-bird-2\/\">Peter Bird:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Peter Bird \u2013 born 1934, died 6th August 2017. After a career in the Merchant Navyachieving his Masters certificate \u2018discovered\u2019 computing, studied programming and applied for Jobs in computing.\u00a0 Interviewed by Lyons for an operator job and joined Lyons 1964 as an operator on the LEO III.\u00a0 Promoted rapidly to Operations Manager, then overall Systems [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/george-booth\/\">George Booth:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">George Booth \u2013 Died 19th September 1959, aged 90, Company Secretary and Director of J. Lyons, made the case to the Lyons Board for the company to commit itself to build a business computer and to collaborate with Cambridge University with its EDSAC project by providing some funding for the project in exchange for help [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/dan-broido\/\">Dan Broido:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Dan Broido \u2013 1903-1990 Born in Siberia of politically active parents, refugee to Germany from Soviet oppression, took degree in Mechanical Engineering in Berlin, and became an engineer at the firm of Rotaprint, who sent him to the UK in 1934 to work in their London branch.&nbsp; Worked for Caterpillar Tractors during World War II [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/david-caminer-2\/\">David Caminer:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">David Caminer \u2013 1915 &#8211; 2008 joined Lyons before World War II as a Management Trainee, his career was interrupted by National Service, losing a leg in the battlefields of North Africa, before returning to Lyons and being appointed head of the Systems Research Office ,followed by taking a prominent and leading role in the [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/jackie-caminer\/\">Jackie Caminer:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Jackie Caminer \u2013 died January 2017 aged 94, wife of David Caminer. Her daughter Hilary Caminer writes: `\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 My mother, Jackie, died this morning peacefully at home aged 94. Without her, my father&#8217;s LEO\u00a0work would have been much harder for him &#8211; they were heroes and heroines those LEO partners. She had a fine [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/hamish-carmichael\/\">Hamish Carmichael:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Hamish Carmichael \u2013\u00a0 died July 2017 aged 83. Hamish after a career with ICL became an active member of\u00a0\u00a0 Computer Conservation Society.\u00a0 Always a good friend of LEO. Author of book of reminiscences and stories of ICL (including LEO) employees. Computer Conservation Society obituary Hamish Carmichael<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/john-coombs\/\">John Coombs:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">John Coombs &nbsp;1927 \u2013 2012 John joined LEO as a Trainee Programmer in March 1954 while he was still technically on Demob Leave from the British Army in which he had served for some nine years.&nbsp; His army service included time in Northern Ireland and long spells in the Middle East. The army sponsored him [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/mary-coombs-6\/\">Mary Coombs:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">John Coombs &nbsp;1927 \u2013 2012 John joined LEO as a Trainee Programmer in March 1954 while he was still technically on Demob Leave from the British Army in which he had served for some nine years.&nbsp; His army service included time in Northern Ireland and long spells in the Middle East. The army sponsored him [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/mary-coombs-5\/\">Mary Coombs:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Mary Clare Coombs&nbsp;(n\u00e9e&nbsp;Blood, 4 February 1929 \u2013 28 February 2022). Mary gained fame as the first women world-wide to write a business application on a computer \u2013 the LEO I installed by Lyons at Cadby Hall.&nbsp; Her fame was such that she received the accolade of full obituaries in the Guardian, The Daily Telegraph. The [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/mary-coombs-4\/\">Mary Coombs:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">It is with great regret that we report that Mary Coombs, (n\u00e9e Blood), one of the LEO pioneers passed away on 28th&nbsp;February 2022 at Stoke Mandeville Hospital, at the age of 93.&nbsp; We print below the obituary written by John Aeberhard and then a personal tribute to Mary from her friend and fellow-programmer, Frank Land.&nbsp;&nbsp;On [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/mary-coombs-3\/\">Mary Coombs:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">A tribute to Mary Coombs by Frank Land Transcribed by Hilary Caminer from the recording of the LEO Computers Society zoom on 25\/3\/2022. This zoom session was held in Mary\u2019s honour. \u2018I want to say a few words about Mary who died so recently and tragically. I knew Mary as a personal friend and much [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/betty-cooper\/\">Betty Cooper:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Betty Cooper (better known under her maiden name Betty Newman), sister in law of Pat Cooper (Mrs Pat Fantl) Sadly\u00a0Betty died on 31st August. She worked from 1955 to 1964 on both LEO l and LEO ll at Lyons.\u00a0 Her Oral History is noted below in the Oral History section.\u00a0 Applications she made programming contributions [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/alan-clarke\/\">Alan Clarke:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Alan Clarke&nbsp;&nbsp; died December 2019.&nbsp; Alex Woolard (LEO Engineer) reports: I have to report the sad news that Alan Clarke who worked at Minerva Road, Kidsgrove and Winsford from 1962 until the Winsford plant closed, has died. Alan was a commissioning engineer working on Leo III peripherals, and subsequently System 4, and the New Range [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/hilary-cropper-dbe\/\">Hilary Cropper, DBE:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Hilary Cropper, DBE, born January&nbsp; 1941, died&nbsp; December 2004. After taking a mathematics degree at Salford University, and a first job with an engineering company, Hilary in 1970 joined ICL, working&nbsp; on operating software for the System 4 range, Though initially working in part-time positions to help raise her children, she was later promoted to [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/joe-crouch\/\">Joe Crouch:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Joe Crouch \u2013 Died 2018.Joe Crouch joined LEO as a trainee programmer and quickly rose to Senior&nbsp; Programmer\/Consultant Status, working at Hartree House.&nbsp; When Ilford Limited acquired a LEO II Joe headed the LEO team helping to establish the computer\u2019s systems.&nbsp; Subsequently he joined Leo Fantl in South Africa as head of the Programming&nbsp; group. [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/ian-stewart-crawford\/\">Ian Stewart Crawford:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Ian Stewart Crawford.&nbsp; Born 20th March:&nbsp; Died 20th August 2018. Born in Eltham, Taranaki, New Zealand.&nbsp; Oldest of 3 born to Dan a doctor and Kathleen a nurse. Excellent sportsman and chess player. Won the Auckland chess championship. At 16 he left New Plymouth Boys High and worked for a travel company. When he was [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/mike-daniels\/\">Mike Daniels:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Mike Daniels&nbsp; \u2013 died March 2018, worked in Service Bureau, Hartree&nbsp; House&nbsp; in Programming and Support 1962-1966. He went on to work with several companies, including UNISYS, RCA (in America), III, an American Company back here. He worked on computer systems all his working life, all over the world. He was mainly involved in print\/newspapers [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/mary-josephine-jo-davies\/\">Mary Josephine (Jo) Davies:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Mary Josephine (Jo) Davies , maiden name McCann),&nbsp;D.O.B. 1961 &#8211; ?? Started as a LEO II Programmer at Wills, married Keith Davies a member of the Wills programming team, but left Wills to become&nbsp;a LEO lll &nbsp;Programmer and later LEO marketing.&nbsp; Became partner of Colin Tully until his death. Peter Byford remembers her on his [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/bob-day\/\">Bob Day:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Bob Day \u2013 Died 2018. Bob was recruited in 1960 by Leo Fantl to join the newly formed LEO\/Rand Mines collaborative venture in Johannesburg, South Africa.&nbsp; Bob, of Afrikan descent, was one of a handfulrecruited, all of high quality joining within that first period.&nbsp;&nbsp;Bob stayed in a senior role until his retirement.&nbsp; Leo Fantl writes [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/leo-fantl\/\">Leo Fantl:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Leo Fantl\u00a0\u2013 1924-2000 Came to UK in June\u00a0 1939 as a refugee from Czechoslovakia.\u00a0 Joined RAF age 18 and received technical training. Recruited by Lyons as Technical Trainee in the Planning Department in 1949, but was transferred to the LEO enterprise in 1950 to join Derek Hemy as a pioneer programmer.\u00a0 Despite a lack of [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/pat-fantl-cooper\/\">Pat Fantl, (Cooper):<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Pat Fantl, (Cooper), born in USA, came to England, joining LEO Computers as a programmer in 1955 the third women to join the LEO group after Mary Blood and Betty Newman (who became her sister-in-law). As part of LEO Fantl\u2019s\u00a0 payroll team, contributing to a series of applications including those of Ford Motor Company, Stewarts [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/gordon-foulger\/\">Gordon Foulger:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Gordon Foulger \u2013 1942-2011 After graduating from Queen Mary University with a degree in General Science he became a LEO programmer seconded to work on GPO programs, including the Giro and telephone billing.&nbsp; He became a database specialist and consultant as his career evolved.http:\/\/www.gordonfoulger.co.uk\/obituary.php<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/bob-gibson\/\">Bob Gibson:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Bob Gibson \u2013 born 1927, died August 2016. He trained as electronic engineer as part of National Service.\u00a0 After working as an electronic research engineer in Civil Service, recruited by LEO as trainee maintenance engineer.\u00a0 Took responsibility for training customer engineers and rose to oversee all LEO training as well as managing engineering maintenance services, [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/john-gosden\/\">John Gosden:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">John Gosden \u2013 1930-2003 Joined LEO as a programmer in 1953 after taking a degree (pass) in Mathematics at Cambridge University and made rapid progress with his understanding of software.\u00a0 Played a key role in the design of systems software for LEO II and LEO III.\u00a0 Left LEO in 1961 to emigrate to the USA [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/kit-grindley\/\">Kit Grindley:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Kit Grindley &#8211; born in Clapham&lt; London, April1929, died October 26th 2018 in Sydney Australia.&nbsp; Kit Grindley after graduation from LSE in 1956, started as a Management Trainee in Lyons in 1956 and was a part of the LEO team of LEO I and LEO II programmers.&nbsp; Kit developed ideas about a language for expressing [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/john-grover\/\">John Grover:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">John Grover \u2013 Born December 1924, died 2000. After National Service in the RAF where he gained his pilot\u2019s wings, joined Lyons as a Management Trainee in 1947 working on Bakery Accounts.\u00a0 Recruited to the new LEO team as a programmer in 1950, took responsibility for a number of the early LEO applications Including the [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/peter-guest-2\/\">Peter Guest:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Peter Guest&nbsp; b.1934, died 1995 aged 61, LEO Maintenance Engineer Margaret Guest, his widow writes: Peter\u2019s education badly disrupted during Wartime, leaving Wm. Penn School, Peckham, London aged 16 in 1951. Attended Woolwich Polytechnic 1951-55 for part time day release, obtained ONC in civil engineering while working for Sir Murdock MacDonald &amp; Partners as a [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/hugo-gunning\/\">Hugo Gunning:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Hugo Gunning 1933 \u2013 2017, died of septicaemia. John Daines writes \u201cI remember seeing him first in Hartree House, in a lift in 1962 or 63.&nbsp; Immaculately dressed, he worked on Lector but not an engineer, probably testing.&nbsp; He subsequently worked with and for me as part of the Commissioning Operators team in Minerva Road.&nbsp; [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/peter-gyngell\/\">Peter Gyngell:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Peter Gyngell \u2013\u00a0born 23 February 1930, died 6thJune 2018 at his home in Wollongong, Australia.\u00a0 Peter was born in Wales, graduated from RADA in 1948, but did not follow an acting career.\u00a0 He became involved with LEO in 1958 working for the Ford Motor Company on their LEO II computer at Aveley on the huge [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/douglas-hartree-2\/\">Douglas Hartree:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Douglas Hartree \u2013 27.03.1897-12.02.1958, eminent Cambridge Scientist noted for his contribution to a number of fields of study including early computing \u2013 as an example he was the first civilian to programme ENIAC &#8211; played a crucial role in the collaboration between Cambridge University and Lyons in the development of LEO.\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cHartree&#8217;s fourth and final [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/george-a-hayter\/\">George A. Hayter:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">George A. Hayter\u2013 Died April 2015 in Northern Cyprus. Joined LEO about 1964\/5, on systems and sales, at Allied Suppliers, started at Hartree House, then Computer House and Stag Place. Subsequently worked at BOAC under Peter Hermon, then headed the Stock Exchange computer transformation, before setting up his own consultancy for the financial sector.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/derek-hemy\/\">Derek Hemy:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Derek Hemy \u2013 !920 \u20132000, Joined Lyons as Management Trainee 1939.\u00a0 Did war service in Royal Corps of Signals.\u00a0 Returned to Lyons in 1946 in Systems Analysis Office under David Caminer.\u00a0 Selected as first LEO programmer, a role in which his performance was outstanding.\u00a0 Left LEO in 1955 to senior role in EMI&#8217;s venture into [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/ray-hennessy\/\">Ray Hennessy:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Ray Hennessy \u2013Programmer, consultant, LEO Computers Society stalwart and Committee Member, spent 32 years at LEO before retirement.\u00a0 Born 1934 died 15th November 2016.\u00a0 Oral History edited transcript and recording and Obituary by John Daines<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/peter-hermon\/\">Peter Hermon:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Peter Hermon \u2013 Trailblazer in Computer Management. One of the very first computer specialists to make it all the way to the board of a major corporation, Peter Hermon blazed a trail and set standards for successful computer management that were years ahead of their time, most notably for Dunlop Rubber Company from 1959-65 and [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/mavis-hinds\/\">Mavis Hinds:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Mavis Hinds \u2013 1929-2009&nbsp; Worked for the Meteorological Office and used LEO I for weather forecasting \u2013 the earliest use of computers for modelling the weather in the early 1950s.http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/wea.502\/abstract&nbsp; See also Wikepidia: She went on to work with Bushby in using the Lyons Electronic Office (LEO), an early computer developed by J. Lyons &amp; [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/goffrey-howells\/\">Goffrey Howells:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Goffrey Howells We are sad to report the death in January 2020 in Australia of Geoff Howells, who worked for ICL in Melbourne for 24 years from 1965 &#8211; 1988. It was Geoff who with Anthea Gedge, a colleague, started the regular reunions in Melbourne for former ICL staff. Some of you will have read [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/lord-edmund-ironside\/\">Lord Edmund Ironside:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Lord Edmund Ironside, born 21.09.1924, died 13.01.2020.\u00a0 Lord Ironside, an active member of House of Lords, joined first Marconi\u00a0 and in 1959 English Electric.\u00a0 On the merger of English Electric, Marconi and LEO Computers to form EELM, Ironside was appointed head of LEO Government Sales, becoming involved in some of the major purchases by the [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/derek-jolly\/\">Derek Jolly:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Derek Jolly \u2013 Born 1930, Died June 2018. Joined LEO circa 1953-54, After grammar school started training as an accountant, but decided to try something else and was interviewed by David Caminer, and Tony Barnes and offered a job with LEO I as an operator.\u00a0 Worked on LEO I, LEO II and LEO III. \u00a0Became [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/ernest-joseph-kaye\/\">Ernest Joseph Kaye:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Ernest Joseph Kaye \u2013 1922-2012 Joined John Pinkerton as his assistant in 1949 in the design of LEO I and later LEO II, having been recruited as an electronic engineer from GEC. Later took on the role of procurement officer for the engineering side of LEO.&nbsp; Retired in 1968 to the family firm of renting [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/ron-kirby\/\">Mike Keen:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Mike Keen &#8211; Mike died on 27th January, 2020, the day after his 83rd birthday, following a long illness. He was always proud of his association with LEO, starting with his days at Minerva Road<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/ernest-lenearts\/\">Ernest Lenearts:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Ernest Lenearts \u2013 1910-1997&nbsp; Despite an interest in things technical his parents persuaded him to take a clerical job at J. Lyons starting in the late 1920s. Bored by his job he asked for more technical training in the hope of getting a job in the Lyons laboratories.&nbsp; His chance to progress came during World [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/diane-lewis\/\">Diane Lewis:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Diane Lewis (nee Bray), died March 8th 2020, LEO Programmer and wife of John Lewis, LEO Programmer and Consultant.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/george-manley\/\">George Manley:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">George Manley \u2013 1938-2011 LEO engineer, rising from apprentice to Chief Commissioning Engineer.&nbsp; After an illustrious career with LEO was headhunted by Honeywell before in 1974 returning to what was now ICL. http:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/images\/GeorgeManleyObit.pdf<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/stuart-megan\/\">Stuart Megan:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Stuart Megan, died July 2022.&nbsp; Stuart worked as a computer operator \u2013 shift leader &#8211; on the Leo 3\/35 at the Bath SWGB site, working like about 10 others on the LEO III and 4.50 for BARIC on permanent night shift. He stayed with computers moving to the US and was one of the early [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/donald-moore\/\">Donald Moore:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Donald Moore \u2013 1920-2013,started his career in computing by setting up and managing the Army Payroll Centre with an IBM 705, subsequently took over the Shell-Mex &amp; BP LEO III computer Centre at Hemel Hempstead.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/tony-morgan\/\">Tony Morgan:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Tony Morgan, June 1937- April 4th 2020. Tony Morgan, who has died aged 83 after contracting Covid-19, was one of the heroes of the early days of computers. As a computer engineer from the late 1950s, he was responsible for the installation of the pioneering&nbsp;Leo computers&nbsp;worldwide, including for the GPO (now BT) for telephone billing. [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/godfrey-geoff-parry\/\">Godfrey (Geoff) Parry:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Belated Obituary for Godfrey (Geoff) Parry died 9th April 2010, first secretary of the LEO Computers Society by Peter Byford, chair, LEO Computers Society charity and Alan Thomson (ICL editor pensioners website)- first published in 2010 but in a limited form. Geoff died 9th April 2010, aged 70 years. He had been suffering from Parkinson\u2019s [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/robert-e-peel\/\">Robert E Peel:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Robert E Peel \u2013 Died 2015. He was an intrinsic part of the Master Routine team with such luminaries as Adrian Rymell, Colin Tully, Nigel Dolby, Sheila Milne and I\u2019m sure a few others whose names I have forgotten. The Intercode Translator team interacted closely with the Master programmers and I remember Bob as a [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/margaret-perrot\/\">Margaret Perrot:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Margaret Perrot died on 28th November 2020. She was a pioneer with the service bureau of LEO at Hartree House, and she was the last person to go to Cadby Hall to do a small program amendment on Leo 1 just before it was scrapped.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/john-pinkerton\/\">John Pinkerton:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">John Pinkerton \u2013 1919-1997 After doing research into radar systems and receiving a PhD at Cambridge recommended by Maurice Wilkes to Lyons as the Engineer to design and develop. He joined Lyons in January 1949 and started to build the small team of engineers which succeeded in building LEO I as a machine based on [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/elwyn-rees\/\">Elwyn Rees:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Elwyn Rees \u2013 Passed away on Jan 2 2024 In the 1960\u2019s Elwyn was a pioneer in the use of computers in education and was the recipient of the HO Wills LEO computer after it was decommissioned and donated to Linwood Secondary school in Leicestershire. He then proceeded to repurpose the machine as the first [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/clive-richards\/\">Clive Richards:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Clive Richards, CBE, Financial and technology&nbsp; entrepreneur, philanthropist born 1st September 1937, died 16th April 2021 Twenty years before the Big Bang in the City of London in 1986, there was a small but important bang at the City offices of Wedd Durlacher Mordaunt &amp; Co. Extract from obituary published in Times newspaper on 1st [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/anthony-salmon\/\">Anthony Salmon:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Anthony Salmon \u2013 1916-2000 A member of the ruling Salmon and Gluckstein family, founders of J. Lyons &amp; Co, was assigned Managing Director of LEO Computers Limited on its foundation in 1954 and became a main board Director of the parent company in 1955.&nbsp; He played an active role in promoting LEO sales using his [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/ann-sayce\/\">Ann Sayce:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Ann Sayce (nee Tunbridge). She worked at Charles House (GPO) on LEO 326\u00a0 between 1964 -67 -note after this she worked at Westminster Bank and CEGB-Victoria, writing IBM as she says, \u201crubbish\u201d. Finally teaching computer studies at schools and adult education courses.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/ray-shaw\/\">Ray Shaw:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Ray Shaw LAST OF THE ORIGINAL DESIGN TEAM THAT BUILT LEO Ray Shaw, the last remaining link with the original design team that built the world\u2019s first business computer, LEO (Lyons Electronic Office) has died aged 98. Recruited into J Lyons &amp; Co in 1949 for his expertise in radar and radio telecommunications by the [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/anne-smewing-maiden-name-hills-died-2012\/\">John Simmons \u2013 1902-1985:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">John Simmons \u2013 1902-1985 after gaining a first class degree in Mathematics from Cambridge University he was recruited by George Booth, Lyons company secretary as a Management Trainee and statistician with a brief to review and develop the Lyons business processes.\u00a0 Under his tutelage many innovations to business processes were introduced and in 1932 he [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/oliver-standingford-1912-1980\/\">John Smythson,\u00a0 born 1931, died December 2019 aged 88:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">His wife Judy writes: \u201cJohn read Mathematics at Trinity , Cambridge but changed to English after the first year as the school he had been evacuated to during the war had not covered Applied Maths and he found at Trinity that he had too much to catch up on . It says a lot for [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/robin-stanley-jones-died-2013\/\">Robin Stanley-Jones \u2013 Died 2013,:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Robin Stanley-Jones \u2013 Died 2013, joined as a technician around 1961 and worked at Minerva Rd; did 24\/7 shifts on III\/1 at Hartree House; then went with LEO III\/8 to Australia (Tubemakers of Australia) (1963?). He \u201cbecame ICL. He remained in IT, mostly with Digital Equipment, until his retirement<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/george-f-stevens-1911-2002\/\">George F Stevens \u2013 1911-2002:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">George F Stevens \u2013 1911-2002,senior Lyons manager who took responsibility for the running of the Lyons LEO Computers when LEO Computers Limited merged with English Electric.&nbsp; He subsequently oversaw the switch by Lyons to IBM computers.http:\/\/www.kzwp.com\/lyons.pensioners\/obituary2S2.htm<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/matt-taub-died-december-2021\/\">Matt Taub Died December 2021:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Matt Taub Died December 2021 joined the Research Department of LEO in the summer of 1955 after working for about five years on the application of electronics in telephony. Left LEO in 1957. LEO 1 was already in operation, and LEO 2 under development in what had been a tea warehouse near Shepherds Bush. For [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/thomas-raymond-thompson-trt-1907-1976\/\">Thomas Raymond Thompson (TRT) \u2013 1907-1976:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Thomas Raymond Thompson (TRT) \u2013 1907-1976. The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB) includes a profile of T.R.T by Peter Bird, online May 2011. The Lyons Mail published an appreciation of TRT in its April 1976 issue.&nbsp; This can be found in the Warwick University Simmons archive filed as 383-S4-14-2-9.jpg.&nbsp; TRT was one of the [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/john-tomlinson\/\">John Tomlinson:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">John Tomlinson\u00a0 Died 2012,\u00a0 LEO Operator, 1962 LEO II\/1, 1966 LEO III\/1Career in computing.\u00a0 Worked on LEO III as a programmer on Postmaster Accounting System \u2013 1970\/71 \u2013 and later for ICL on Post Office System 4 computers.\u00a0 After leaving Post Office joined ICL Dataskill.\u00a0Then various jobs with Corning, Thorn\/EMI and Electrolux where he became [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/peter-titman\/\">Peter Titman:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Peter Titman, died 2019 &#8211; Ann Titman, Peter\u2019s widow writes\u201cI am writing to let you know that my husband Peter Titman died on Sunday 16th November. He designed the magnetic core for Leo 111, if I remember rightly, working with Dr Pinkerton. He left to join IBM and had a successful career in computing\u201d<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/colin-tully-2\/\">Colin Tully:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Colin Tully \u2013 1936-2007 Joined LEO in 1960 after graduating with a degree in Economics from Cambridge.\u00a0\u00a0 University. Became very much involved with Software Development including coding the LEO III Master Routine. Subsequently mixed an academic career with consultancy and practice at Standard Telephone and Cables.\u00a0 Had stints as an academic researcher at York University, [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/chris-tyson\/\">Chris Tyson:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Chris Tyson \u2013 Born 1941 in Scotland, died 1970. Joined LEO at Hartree House as a trainee programmer in September 1963.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/wallace-weaving\/\">Wallace Weaving:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Wallace Weaving \u2013 Born 1931, died 6th November, 2012. Wallace joined EELM in the UK but was transferred to EELM in Australia early in 1963.\u00a0 An account of his career was published in the Australian All Stars (ICL) magazine in 2013 and Can Be Viewed at CCHPam Garnsey (with some added and fond reflections from [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/mike-webb\/\">Mike Webb:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Mike Webb \u2013 Died November 2015 at his home in Anglesey.&nbsp; Joined LEO as a mathematician and operational research specialist.&nbsp; After leaving LEO became an academic, first with the LSE and subsequently as head of business studies at Manchester&nbsp;Metropolitan University<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/david-wheeler\/\">David Wheeler:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">&nbsp;David John Wheeler&nbsp;FRS&nbsp; (9 February 1927 \u2013 13 December 2004) David Wheeler, a member of the team at Cambridge University which built EDSAC under Maurice Wilkes, had the distinction of being the first person to be awarded a PhD in compute science in the UK in 1951.\u00a0 He played an important role in the collaboration [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/sir-maurice-wilkes-1913-2010\/\">Sir Maurice Wilkes \u00a0\u2013 1913-2010:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Sir Maurice Wilkes \u00a0\u2013 1913-2010\u00a0 Maurice Wilkes, played a leading role in the design of the Cambridge University EDSAC Computer in the late 1940s and in return for some funding for that project from J. Lyons &amp; Co, allowed the Lyons team to use the EDSAC design as the basis for LEO I, cooperating with [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/alex-williams\/\">Alex Williams:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Alex Williams.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (Words from Robert Timms)\u00a0 &#8212; A number of Alex\u2019s LEO and ICL colleagues were among the gathering of family and friends who celebrated Alex\u2019s life in Melbourne on 28 March, a beautiful sunny autumn afternoon. Maurice Roberts gave a moving Reflection alongside the warm family tributes.Alex was a great work colleague and a [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/john-frank-winterbottom-1928-2017\/\"><strong>John Frank Winterbottom (1928-2017)<\/strong>:<\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">John Frank Winterbottom (1928-2017) John Winterbottom spent almost 10 years working for LEO through its various reconfigurations, incorporating English Electric and Marconi, until further consolidation of the industry led to the merger with ICT and formation of ICL.\u00a0 He joined LEO in 1960, working at Minerva Road as a Design Engineer under John Pinkerton.\u00a0 He [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/peter-wood-1918-2013\/\"><strong>Peter Wood \u2013 1918-2013:<\/strong><\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Peter Wood \u2013 1918-2013, who has died at the age of 95, was given a good send-off in June, well attended by family, old boys and members of his bowls club. Peter was very modest about his war, but it was revealed that he was evacuated from Dunkirk, trained as a commando, fought in India [&hellip;]<\/span><\/li><li class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leo-computers.org.uk\/leopedia.org\/anatol-zak-leo-iii-engineer-1934-2015\/\"><strong>Anatol Zak \u2013 LEO III engineer, 1934-2015:<\/strong><\/a> <span class=\"excerpt-dash\">-<\/span> <span class=\"excerpt\">Anatol Zak \u2013 LEO III engineer, 1934-2015 See LEOPEDIA &#8211; Computing History<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":612,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7655","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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